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Chinaman's chance
''Chinaman's chance'' means little or no chance at all, freighted with a particularly anti-Asian racism. It is an American idiomatic expression, popular in the 19th and 20th centuries. The original phrase was that one had only a ''Chinaman's Chance in Hell'', but it morphed through usage into its current state.
==History==
The historical context of the phrase comes from the old railroad and gold rush days of California, where many Chinese came to work as railroad workers for the First Transcontinental Railroad, especially the Central Pacific Railroad. In this employ, they were sought out for the demanding and dangerous jobs involving explosives, often for half the pay of the Mexican workers. Yet the Chinese faced higher taxes, denials of citizenship, and could not testify in court for violence against them.
According to the California Supreme Court, the Chinese "recogniz() no laws ... except through necessity, () with them their prejudices and national feuds, in which they indulge() in open violation of law."〔People v. Hall (1854) 4 Cal. 399, 404.〕 The court also noted that their "mendacity is proverbial; (they were ) a race of people whom nature has marked as inferior, and who are incapable of progress or intellectual development beyond a certain point ... (they would not be granted ) the right to swear away the life of a citizen, ... () the ... privilege of participating with us in administering the affairs of our Government."〔People v. Hall, 4 Cal. at 405.〕〔The California Supreme Court currently has three Justices of Asian descent, two of them Chinese.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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